Annuity vs. Roth IRA: Pros and Cons for Retirement Income

When planning for retirement, one of the biggest decisions you’ll face is how to generate consistent, tax-efficient income. Two common options, annuities and Roth IRAs, serve very different purposes, but can both play a key role in your strategy. A Roth IRA offers tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement, while an annuity can provide guaranteed income for life. Your choice will depend on your goals, timeline and desired level of risk.

A financial advisor can help you create a retirement plan that balances growth and income.

An annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company. You invest money, either as a lump sum or through a series of payments, and in return the insurer guarantees income payments for a set period of time or for the rest of your life.

There are several types of annuities:

• Immediate annuities begin payments right away, typically within a year.
• Deferred annuities delay income payments until a later date.
• Fixed annuities offer a guaranteed interest rate and steady income.
• Variable annuities fluctuate with market performance.
• Indexed annuities track a market index with limited upside and downside protection.

Each annuity type can offer income security, but terms and fees vary. 

A Roth IRA is a retirement account funded with after-tax dollars. Unlike traditional IRAs, your contributions are not tax-deductible. However, qualified withdrawals in retirement including earnings are completely tax-free.

To contribute to a Roth IRA, your income must fall below IRS limits. In 2025, the contribution limit is $7,000 (or $8,000 if age 50 or older), and income phaseouts begin at $150,000 for single filers and $236,000 for married couples filing jointly¹.

Roth IRAs offer a wide range of flexibility for investments, including stocks, bonds and mutual funds, among other options. There are also no required minimum distributions (RMDs) during the original owner’s lifetime, making Roth IRAs a popular retirement strategy.

There are key differences between an annuity and a Roth IRA that can influence which strategy you may want to use for your retirement plan. Areas to consider include how both are managed, tax treatment and guarantees. Here are four to compare for your retirement:

• Ownership and access: Roth IRAs are self-directed accounts, while annuities are contracts with insurers. Annuities often include surrender periods, during which early withdrawals are penalized.
• Growth potential: Roth IRAs let you invest freely, offering higher long-term growth potential. Annuities may limit your investment choices or cap your returns.
• Taxation: Roth IRAs grow tax-free, and withdrawals are tax-free if you meet holding period rules. Annuities grow tax-deferred, but income is taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn.
• Fees and complexity: Roth IRAs are low-cost and easy to manage. Annuities can carry high fees, commissions, and complex riders, though they offer income guarantees in return.

Annuities are designed to provide reliable income in retirement, which can appeal to those seeking stability. However, they also come with costs and limitations. Here are the main points to consider.

• Guaranteed lifetime income (depending on the contract)
• Protection from market volatility
• Optional riders for inflation protection, long-term care, or beneficiaries

• Potentially high fees and commissions
• Limited liquidity and surrender charges if you withdraw early
• Withdrawals taxed as ordinary income

If your primary concern is not outliving your money, an annuity can be a useful part of your strategy, especially when Social Security or pensions don’t cover your basic needs.

Account holders love Roth IRAs for their tax benefits and flexibility. Unlike annuities, Roth IRAs give you more control over how and when you access funds.

• Tax-free withdrawals in retirement
• No RMDs during the original owner’s lifetime
• Broad range of investment choices

• Contribution limits restrict how much you can invest each year
• No guaranteed income stream unless withdrawals are planned
• Early withdrawals may be penalized if rules aren’t followed

If you’re focused on tax-efficient growth and legacy planning, a Roth IRA may be a better fit than an annuity.

When comparing annuity and Roth IRA strategies, key factors to consider include income needs, risk tolerance and the level of control over your savings.

You might prefer an annuity if:

• You’re concerned about outliving your savings
• You want predictable income
• You have other assets for liquidity and growth

You might prefer a Roth IRA if:

• You want tax-free growth and withdrawals
• You value flexibility and low fees
• You plan to leave assets to heirs

Some retirees use both. For example, you could use a Roth IRA for long-term growth and an annuity to cover essential expenses, creating a more balanced retirement income plan.

Yes, but only into a Roth IRA annuity. This preserves tax-free treatment, but you’ll lose investment control in exchange for guaranteed income.

It depends. Roth income is tax-free and flexible. Annuity income is predictable but taxed as ordinary income. The better choice aligns with your priorities.

Roth IRA assets pass to heirs tax-free (with some rules). Annuity payout options vary; some offer death benefits, while others may cease at your passing.

Yes. Many retirees use both to diversify income streams and balance flexibility with stability.

Annuity payouts are typically taxed as income. Roth IRA withdrawals are tax-free if the account is at least five years old and you’re age 59½ or older.

When evaluating annuities and Roth IRAs for retirement income, your choice will depend on your financial position and goals. A Roth IRA can offer tax-free growth, withdrawal flexibility and advantages for estate planning. Annuities, on the other hand, could provide predictable income. Some retirees use a combination of both with the goal of maintaining stability with tax efficiency.

• A financial advisor can work with you to create a retirement plan that focuses on creating retirement income, manages taxes and minimizes risk. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
• Mandatory distributions from a tax-deferred retirement account can complicate your post-retirement tax planning. Use SmartAsset’s RMD calculator to see how much your required minimum distributions will be.

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